Understanding and Discussing the Ideology of Fascism Scientifically
In essence, humans live in different territories and entities. The unity was created in a container, namely the State. In its implementation, most countries have the basis, beliefs, ideals or goals to establish a developed and respected nation.
The community interprets this goal as an ideology for the State. But with the development of the thought patterns of major figures in a country, or with the progress of a country itself, ideology is divided into several types, including the ideology of capitalism, socialism, communism, fascism, or even pragmatism (no ideology / anti-ideology)
Every ideology has its own way of purpose, its own way, so that it can run the country. But from several ideologies, there are still various opinions that are pros or cons to the existence of that ideology. One example is the Ideology of Fascism. Therefore this paper was compiled with the title "Ideas of State Fascism" to better understand the ideology of fascism in a country.
Understanding Fascism Ideology
The ideology of fascism is a political understanding that upholds absolute power without democracy. There are also those who interpret that the ideology of Fascism is an understanding that puts one's own nation and looks down on other nations. In this understanding, nationalism which is very fanatical and also authoritarian is very visible.
Fascism is actually an ideology that was built according to the law of the jungle, fascism also aims to make individuals and society think and act uniformly, to achieve this goal fascism uses force and violence together with all methods of propaganda and even genocide (regular annihilation of a group or nation). That is because according to fascist ideology, a State not a people's creation is a creation of a strong person.
If a strong person has formed a State organization, then the state will galvanize / force and fill the people's souls. Fascism as an ideology developed in the 20th century it spread rapidly throughout the world during world war.
The Purpose of Fascism
The aim of fascism in general is to make individuals and society think and act uniformly. Fascism uses force and violence along with all methods of propaganda and even genocide to achieve its goals.
The Characteristics of Fascism Ideology
As for the features of fascism ideology which include:
Government is authoritarian and totalitarian.
One party government system.
The state is made a permanent tool to achieve the goals of the country.
Believe that there are differences between those who govern and those who are governed between the elite and the masses.
Hates freedom of speech and assembly.
Irrational.
It does not recognize the equality of human beings.
Does not recognize opposition.
The Elements of Fascism
The pioneers and figures of the Ideology of Fascism were Hitler's Nazism with his book Mein Kampft, and Mussolini with the Doctrine of Fascism.
There are seven main elements of fascism, namely:
Distrust of reason ability.
Denial of humanity.
Code of behavior based on violence and lies.
Government by elite groups.
Totalitarianism.
Racism and imperialism.
Fascism has an element of opposing international law and order.
The advantages of fascism ideology:
have a sense of national unity,
has a high level of supervision and discipline,
can make quick government decisions,
government is held by experts.
While the weakness of this fascism ideology is dealing with pressure and violence, so that makes people tremble with fear. The countries that had adopted the Fascist Ideology were the United States, Britain, France, Italy and Germany.
The Nature of Fascism's Ideology
Fascism ideology has several characteristics, namely:
Racism
Racism is defined as understanding that applies the classification or differentiation of physical features (such as skin color) in society. Racism can also be interpreted as understanding discrimination of ethnicity, religion, race, class or general physical characteristics for a particular purpose.
Militarism
Militarism is a government based on security guarantees that lies in its military strength and claims that the development and maintenance of its military to ensure that capability is the most important goal of society. This system gives more priority to military considerations in its policies than other political forces . Those who were involved in military service also received special treatment.
Ultra Nationalist
Ultra Nationalist is an attitude of pride of a country (its own country) in excess so that it is very degrading to other countries. So it is very easy to provoke a fight / war
Imperialism
Imperialism is politics to rule (by force) the entire world for self-interest which is formed as its empire (the right to rule). "Mastering" here does not necessarily mean seizing with the power of weapons, but it can be carried out with economic, cultural, religious and ideological forces, as long as it is coercive.
The four characteristics of fascism ideology cause this fascism ideology can inhibit Multiculturalism, which is a person's view of the variety of life such as culture, religion, race.
Evriza (2008: 106) says that fascism is actually more of a political style, rather than ideology as a set of ideas about shared wisdom. This understanding is a type of romantic nationalism with all the splendor of ceremonies and symbols that support it to achieve the greatness of the State.
Thus the discussion of "Fascism Ideology" Understanding & (Characteristics - Character - Nature - Purpose) hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of you all, thank you very much for your visit.