Causes of Scientific Expansion of an Object
The process of expansion is largely due to three things, namely an increase in temperature, high pressure, and too fast a flow rate. When there is an increase in temperature there will be a movement of pasticles that collide with each other. The existence of the collision caused natural expansion of the area or called expansion.
When high pressure enters a device it can also cause expansion. When the pressure approaches the maximum pressure in the design data, the unit will try to adjust itself to the surrounding pressure. This adjustment process is called expansion. This expansion has a maximum limit, meaning that the unit (tool) can no longer adjust to the existing pressure. This can cause an explosion and leakage.
Cause of Expansion
A flow rate that is too high can cause an expansion due to friction generated from the flowing fluid. When the flow rate is too high it can cause particles to jumble and move quickly. The process of expansion that occurs due to flow rate has a principle that is not much different from the expansion caused by rising temperatures.
Loss Due to Expansion
Examples of losses arising from expansion are as follows:
Glass or bowl broken or broken glass when filled with hot water suddenly. This happens because the glass does not easily conduct heat so that when filled with hot water, heat does not spread quickly. As a result, the inside of the glass expands faster than the outside.
The railroad tracks are curved during the day because the rails are stretching, while the rails are bound by fastening bolts. This aims to overcome the curvature of the rails, at each rail connection given a gap.
Glass on windows or glass on doors, cracks or breaks on hot days. This is because glass expansion is greater than wood expansion. To prevent the glass from breaking, the glass frame is made wider (loose) than the glass.
Bridges can be curved or broken when the air temperature rises. This can be overcome by making a gap (cavity) on the bridge supporting poles or making a gap at each bridge beam connection.
Car or motorcycle engine parts expand when the engine is running. As a result, the sound of the engine becomes rough and the rotating part becomes a rotating strike. This can be overcome by cooling the engine by entering the coolant.
The power cable is installed rather loose. If installed in a tense position, at night the temperature is lower, the electric cable shrinks and can break.
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Examples of Expansion in Life
Installation of steel wheels
Steel tires whose diameter is smaller than the wheel rim, when it will be done installation must be heated first. The goal is that the steel tire expands and makes it easier to install. When returning to normal temperature (space) the results of the installation will be stronger.
Installation of steel wheels
Drying
Drying is the process of connecting two metal plates using a special hammer. The two plates that will be joined, then the rivets that have been heated to smoldering are used to connect, after which they are struck with a special hammer to be flat.
When it cools again, the nails shrink and the two plates can be tightly connected. In this day and age, drilling is often done in the construction of bridges, automotive factories, shipbuilding, connecting pipes, cars and airplanes, and in the past the days of drying were often used to make carts.
Drying
Glass bottles that have metal caps are often difficult to open. to open it, close the bottle preheat first with apai. when heated, the lid of the metal bottle will expand faster than the glass bottle so the lid will be loose and easily opened.
Bimetallic chip
Bimetal means two metals. Bimetallic pieces are two pieces of metal that have different length expansion coefficients (usually brass and iron) riveted together. Bimetallic pieces are very sensitive to temperature changes. at normal temperatures the lengths of the two metals are the same, if the temperature rises, the two metals expand with different lengths, as a result the bimetal chip bends toward the metal which has the smallest coefficient. Bimetallic bending can be used for various purposes such as a bimetal alarm switch, or a bimetal thermometer.
Bimetallic chip
Applied to fire alarms, bimetallic pieces are used as alarm switches. In the event of a fire the room temperature will increase, causing the bimetal chip to expand in the direction of metals whose coefficient is smaller. When the bimetal chip expands and warps, the curved bimetal chip touches the end of a separate electrical circuit, so that the circuit is connected and an electric current will flow through the bimetal chip and an alarm will sound.
Railroad connection
Railroad installation must provide a gap between one rail bar and another rail bar. If during the day and the temperature rises, the railroad bar will expand so that there will be an increase in length or expansion, with a gap not causing a collision between two adjacent rail bars which can cause the railroad to bend. So to adjust the distance or gap must be calculated so that the action causes changes that are too large on the rail.
Bridge construction
Bridges are often made of iron frames. Bridge frame made of iron will expand if the temperature rises, between the end of the bridge frame with a concrete pole is given an expansion gap. In addition the tip is placed on the wheel. When it expands, the frame gets longer. The presence of the wheels and the slits facilitates the lengthening and shortening of the frame, so as to avoid bending.