Understanding of the Atomic and Atomic Theory According to the Most Complete Experts
Definition of Atom
Understanding Atom And Theory of Atom According to Experts Complete - "Atom" is derived from the Greek word "atomos" which means "can not be cut". In accordance with this understanding, atoms are particles that make up all objects of very small size.
Understanding Atom And Atom Theory
Definition of Atom
Inside the atom there are also sub-atoms, the atomic constituent particles that are smaller in size. It is difficult for us to be able to imagine how small this atom is, the single point at the end of this sentence alone has a length of about 20 million atoms. Each atom has a nucleus, consisting of
proton
neutron
electron
which moves quickly around the core. The electrons are at a different energy level, which is called the skin, each skin has a number of limits for an electron. If the electrons in the first shell can already meet the limit, then the electron will meet the second skin and so on.
electrons, neutrons and protons are the smallest parts of the atom, but modern scientists argue that protons and neutrons are composed of even smaller particles called quarks.
See the Core List:
Atomic Theories
The term "atom" was first used by an English chemist named "John Dalton" (1766-1844) when he proposed a theory of atoms in 1807.
Dalton states that all chemical elements are composed of very small particles, called atoms, which cannot or break apart when their chemicals are reacted. there is one more opinion that all chemical reactions are a result of joining or even separating of atoms. Dalton's atomic theory became the basis for modern science.
In the 20th century, the scientists began to make an atomic model.
As made by:
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Ernest described a negatively charged electron that surrounds or envelops a positively charged nucleus.
Neils Bohr (1885-1962) Neils described a model with electrons following certain orbits.
Jame Chadwick (1891-1962) Chadwick shows a nucleus composed of particles called neutrons and protons.
Atomic mass
Atoms in different elements have varying masses. The mass depends on the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. A hydrogen atom has one proton and also has no neutrons, so it has only one atomic mass. The larger the atom's mass, the smaller the atom will be.
Atomic Number
These atoms of different substances have different numbers of protons in their nuclei. The number of protons in a nucleus is called the Atomic Number. If the number of protons in the nucleus changes, the atom will change into an atom with different properties than before.
Atomic force
The negatively charged electrons will be kept in orbit around the positively charged nucleus with an electromagnetic force. The pull force of the nucleus, which keeps a proton and also a neutron in the nucleus, is the most powerful force in the universe. The force is 100 (one hundred) times stronger than the electromagnetic force.
Electrical charge
Most of the atoms contained neutral electric charges, which means the number of protons that are positively charged and also the number of electrons with negative charges is the same. The charges which have this attractive force cancel each other out.
Atomic shape
These atoms have varying shapes, called isotopes. Each of these forms has the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons. So all the isotopes of an atom have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
These isotopes have the same physical properties, but have different chemical properties. Most of the atoms in an element are one type of element.